Ligand exchange

Last updated: 14/02/2020

WJEC A-Level Chemistry Unit 3.4 – Chemistry of the d-block transition metals Ligand exchange

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Question 1 of 46

1. Question
What is the definition of ligand substitution?
- A reaction where one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another
- A reaction where one ligand is added to a complex ion
- A reaction where two ligands are added to a complex ion
- A reaction where a ligand is lost from a complex ion
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Question 2 of 46

2. Question
What is the definition of a precipitate reaction?
- Soluble ions, in solutions, are mixed together to make an insoluble compound
- An insoluble compound formed from two positive ions
- Insoluble ions, in solutions, are mixed together to make a soluble compound
- An insoluble compound formed from two negative ions
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Question 3 of 46

3. Question
What is the shape of the product formed from the ligand substitution of aqueous copper(II) and ammonia?
- Octahedral
- Trigonal planar
- Square planar
- Tetrahedral
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Question 4 of 46

4. Question
What ligand is replaced during the ligand substitution of aqueous copper(II) and ammonia?
- $H_2O$
- $Cu$
- $H^+$
- $H_2$
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Question 5 of 46

5. Question
During the ligand substitution of aqueous copper(II) and hydrochloric acid occurs, why does the product formed only have four ligands?
- Chloride ligands are too big
- Chloride ligands are too small
- Copper cannot hold anymore than four ligands
- Water ligands are too big
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Question 6 of 46

6. Question
How can the ligand substitution of copper(II) and hydrochloric acid be reversed?
- Add water
- Add ammonia
- Add excess hydrochloric acid
- Add sodium hydroxide
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Question 7 of 46

7. Question
What colour forms from the reaction between a solution of [Cu(H $_2$ O) $_6$ ] $^{2+}$ ions with chloride ions?
- Yellow
- Purple
- Pale blue
- Pale pink
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Question 8 of 46

8. Question
Write the equilibrium equation for the ligand substitution of aqueous copper(II) and hydrochloric acid.
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 4Cl^- (aq) ⇌ [CuCl_4]^{2-}(aq) + 6H_2O(l)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + HCl (aq) ⇌ [CuCl_4]^{2-}(aq) + H_2O(l)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 4Cl^- (aq) ⇌ [CuCl_4]^{2-}(aq) + H_2O(l)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 4HCl (aq) ⇌ [CuCl_4]^{2-}(aq) + 6H_2O(l)$
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Question 9 of 46

9. Question
What is the shape of the product from the ligand substitution of aqueous copper(II) and hydrochloric acid?
- Tetrahedral
- Trigonal planar
- Square planar
- Octahedral
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Question 10 of 46

10. Question
What colour forms from the reaction between a solution of [Cr(H $_2$ O) $_6$ ] $^{3+}$ ions with ammonia?
- Grey/dark green
- Pale blue
- Pink/buff
- Yellow
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Question 11 of 46

11. Question
What type of product is formed from the ligand substitution of aqueous chromium(III) with ammonia?
- Precipitate
- Solution
- Liquid
- Gaseous
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Question 12 of 46

12. Question
What colour is the solution of [Cu(NH $_3$ ) $_4$ (H $_2$ O) $_2$ ] $^{2+}$ ions with water?
- Deep blue
- Purple
- Pale blue
- Pale green
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Question 13 of 46

13. Question
What colour is the precipitate of [Cr(H $_2$ O) $_3$ (OH) $_3$ ]?
- Green
- Purple
- Orange
- Purple
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Question 14 of 46

14. Question
What do red blood cells do?
- Carry oxygen around the body
- Carry carbon dioxide around the body
- Carry blood around the body
- Carry protein around the body
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Question 15 of 46

15. Question
What do red blood cells contain?
- Haemoglobin
- Carbon dioxide
- Chlorophyll
- Blood
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Question 16 of 46

16. Question
What happens to haemoglobin when carbon monoxide is in the lungs?
- Haemoglobin is bound to carbon monoxide
- Haemoglobin is bound to oxygen
- Haemoglobin is repelled
- Haemoglobin is destroyed
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Question 17 of 46

17. Question
What type of reaction is the reaction of haemoglobin with carbon dioxide?
- Ligand substitution
- Ligand oxidation
- Ligand addition
- Ligand subtraction
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Question 18 of 46

18. Question
What happens to tissues in the body when haemoglobin is bound to carbon monoxide?
- They are starved of oxygen
- They are cleaned
- They are saturated
- They are starved of carbon dioxide
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Question 19 of 46

19. Question
What type of bonds are in haemoglobin?
- Co-ordinate
- Ionic
- Metallic
- Hydrogen
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Question 20 of 46

20. Question
What is a haem group?
- Protein components
- Oxygen containing group
- Non-protein containing group
- Carbon dioxide
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Question 21 of 46

21. Question
What is at the centre of a haem group?
- Fe $^{2+}$
- Cu $^{2+}$
- Mg $^{2+}$
- Fe $^{3+}$
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Question 22 of 46

22. Question
What is the role of the Fe $^{2+}$ ion?
- Attached to oxygen
- Repels carbon dioxide
- Repels oxygen
- Attached to carbon dioxide
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Question 23 of 46

23. Question
What colour is the Fe $^{2+}$ ion when it is attached to oxygen?
- Red
- Purple
- Yellow
- Green
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Question 24 of 46

24. Question
What colour is the precipitate of copper(II) hydroxide?
- Blue
- Yellow
- Green
- Red
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Question 25 of 46

25. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Cu $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with sodium hydroxide?
- Blue
- Red
- Dark green
- Orange
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Question 26 of 46

26. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Cu $^{2+}$ ions and sodium hydroxide.
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + OH^-(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2]^{2+}(s) + 2H_2O(l)$
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Question 27 of 46

27. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Fe $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with sodium hydroxide?
- Green
- Yellow
- Dark blue
- Pale green
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Question 28 of 46

28. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Fe $^{2+}$ ions and sodium hydroxide.
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2]^2+(s) + 2H_2O(l)$
Correct

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Question 29 of 46

29. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Fe $^{3+}$ ions are reacted with sodium hydroxide?
- Orange
- Yellow
- Dark blue
- Dark green
Correct

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Question 30 of 46

30. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Fe $^{3+}$ ions and sodium hydroxide.
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 3OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + 3H_2O(l)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3]^3+(s) + 2H_2O(l)$
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Question 31 of 46

31. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Mn $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with sodium hydroxide?
- Pink
- Pale blue
- Dark blue
- Pale green
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Question 32 of 46

32. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Mn $^{2+}$ ions and sodium hydroxide.
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + OH^-(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2]^{2+}(s) + 2H_2O(l)$
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Question 33 of 46

33. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Cr $^{3+}$ ions are reacted with sodium hydroxide?
- Grey-green
- Orange
- Brown
- Blue
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Question 34 of 46

34. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Cr $^{3+}$ ions and sodium hydroxide.
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 3OH^-(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 3H_2O(l)$
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + OH^-(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 4OH^-(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2H_2O(l)$
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 2OH^-(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2]^2+(s) + 2H_2O(l)$
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Question 35 of 46

35. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Cu $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with ammonia?
- Blue
- Purple
- Pale blue
- Pale green
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Question 36 of 46

36. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Cu $^{2+}$ ions and ammonia.
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH_3(aq)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + NH_3(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Cu(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Cu(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH_3(aq)$
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Question 37 of 46

37. Question
What colour solution forms when Cu $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with excess ammonia?
- Dark blue
- Green
- Purple
- Yellow
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Question 38 of 46

38. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Fe $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with ammonia?
- Green
- Yellow
- Dark blue
- Pale green
Correct

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Question 39 of 46

39. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Fe $^{2+}$ ions and ammonia.
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH_3(aq)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH_3(aq)$
Correct

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Question 40 of 46

40. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Fe $^{3+}$ ions are reacted with ammonia?
- Orange
- Yellow
- Dark blue
- Dark green
Correct

Incorrect
Question 41 of 46

41. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Fe $^{3+}$ ions and ammonia.
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 3NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + 3NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + NH_3(aq)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Fe(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Fe(H_2O)_3(OH)_3](s) + 2NH_3(aq)$
Correct

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Question 42 of 46

42. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Mn $^{2+}$ ions are reacted with ammonia?
- Pink
- Pale blue
- Dark blue
- Pale green
Correct

Incorrect
Question 43 of 46

43. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Mn $^{2+}$ ions and ammonia.
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH_3(aq)$
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + NH_3(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Mn(H_2O)_6]^{2+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Mn(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH_3(aq)$
Correct

Incorrect
Question 44 of 46

44. Question
What colour precipitate is formed when Cr $^{3+}$ ions are reacted with ammonia?
- Green
- Orange
- Brown
- Blue
Correct

Incorrect
Question 45 of 46

45. Question
Write the equation for the reaction between Cr $^{3+}$ ions and ammonia.
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 3NH_3(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 3NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH_3(aq)$
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + NH_3(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + NH^{4+}(aq)$
- $[Cr(H_2O)_6]^{3+}(aq) + 2NH_3(aq) -> [Cr(H_2O)_4(OH)_2](s) + 2NH_3(aq)$
Correct

Incorrect
Question 46 of 46

46. Question
What colour solution forms when Cr $^{3+}$ ions are reacted with excess ammonia?
- Purple
- Dark green
- Dark blue
- Yellow
Correct

Incorrect