Quantitative Investigations of Variation

Last updated: 18/02/2022

AQA A-Level Biology Investigation diversity Quantitative Investigations of Variation

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Question 1 of 73

1. Question
What is random sampling?
- Sample sites selected at random
- Species investigated chosen at random
- Where effects of random mating are studied
- Samples sites are at fixed intervals
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Question 2 of 73

2. Question
What is a habitat?
- Where an organism lives
- Where an organism reproduces
- Where an organism feeds
- Where an organism develops
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Question 3 of 73

3. Question
What is systematic sampling?
- When the sample has been taken at fixed intervals across a habitat
- When the sample has been taken at random intervals across a habitat
- When the sample has been taken at intervals according to species abundance
- When the sample has been taken at varying intervals
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Question 4 of 73

4. Question
What is opportunistic sampling?
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to prior knowledge
- When an area is sampled due to it being easily accessible
- When an area is sampled due to it appearing different
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to it being healthier
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Question 5 of 73

5. Question
What is stratified sampling?
- When an area is sampled due to it appearing different
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to it being healthier
- When an area is deliberately sampled due to prior knowledge
- When an area is sampled due to it being easily accessible
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Question 6 of 73

6. Question
What is a quadrat?
- A square frame used to define the size of a sample area
- A type of mouse
- A sampling technique
- A stratified sampling technique
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Question 7 of 73

7. Question
What is used to place a quadrat accurately?
- A tape measure
- A crane
- Its food source
- A random number generator
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Question 8 of 73

8. Question
What are used with quadrats to make them more accurate?
- A grid
- A key
- Predator
- A diagram
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Question 9 of 73

9. Question
What can be used to measure percentage cover?
- A point frame
- A calculator
- A diagram
- A tape measure
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Question 10 of 73

10. Question
What is a transect?
- A line taken across a habitat
- A type of insect
- A grid system
- A way to record results
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Question 11 of 73

11. Question
What is an interrupted belt transect?
- Use of a quadrat at regular intervals along the line
- Multiple result tables
- Sampling at different times in the day
- Use of a point frame
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Question 12 of 73

12. Question
What data does the use of a quadrat give?
- Quantitative
- Discrete
- Qualitative
- Primary
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Question 13 of 73

13. Question
What is a point frame?
- A frame holding multiple long needles
- A frame holding multiple quadrats
- A frame used to place a transect
- A frame used to herd different species
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Question 14 of 73

14. Question
How might placing a quadrat disturb a habitat?
- Damage plants
- Kill animals
- Cause disease
- Unwanted pollination
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Question 15 of 73

15. Question
How can large plants be counted?
- Individually
- As percentage coverage
- With a transect
- With a point frame
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Question 16 of 73

16. Question
When would a line transect be used?
- In a large sample site
- In a small sample site
- In a wet sample site
- In a densely-packed sample site
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Question 17 of 73

17. Question
Which of the following is not a reason why it can be hard to count animals?
- They can move very slowly
- They sense human presence and hide
- They often have camouflage
- They may be present in high numbers
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Question 18 of 73

18. Question
How can the presence of larger animals be identified?
- By the presence and analysis of their droppings
- By which plants are growing in the sample site
- By the stage of succesion of the sample site
- By observing the climax community
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Question 19 of 73

19. Question
Which of the following techniques can be used to detemine population size?
- DNA sequencing
- Calorimetry
- Electrophoresis
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Question 20 of 73

20. Question
Which of these is not a way ecologists catch invertebrates?
- A Longworth trap
- A pitfall trap
- With a tout net
- Tullgreen funnel
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Question 21 of 73

21. Question
Which of the following is used to trap small mammals?
- A Longworth trap
- A pitfall trap
- With a tout net
- Tullgreen funnel
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Question 22 of 73

22. Question
How is total population from a sample of small animals calculated?
- Marking and counting 3 populations
- Dividing the sample size by the area of the site and mulitplying by 100
- Multiplying the sample size by the area of the site
- Trapping all individuals in the population from the sample site
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Question 23 of 73

23. Question
How is the ‘sweep net’ technique carried out?
- Walk through habitat with tout net, sweeping in wide arcs
- Walk through habitat with tout net, sweeping in narrow arcs
- Walk through habitat with seine net, sweeping in narrow arcs
- Walk through habitat with seine net, sweeping in wide arcs
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Question 24 of 73

24. Question
What is a pooter used for?
- Trapping small insects that might fly away
- Catching small insects
- Feeding small insects
- Trapping larger insects
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Question 25 of 73

25. Question
Where are pitfall traps used?
- In the soil
- In trees
- In animal burrows
- At feeding sites
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Question 26 of 73

26. Question
What does a Tullgreen funnel collect?
- Small animals from leaf litter and soil
- Flying insects
- Animals in trees
- Fast-moving animals
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Question 27 of 73

27. Question
What trap is used to catch flying insects at night?
- A light trap
- A pitfall trap
- Tullgreen funnel
- A tout net
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Question 28 of 73

28. Question
How would a sample be taken from under a hedge?
- Pitfall trap
- Sweep net
- Light trap
- Pooter
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Question 29 of 73

29. Question
How could you mark a small mammal, without causing harm?
- Clip a small patch of fir
- Change its fur colour
- Piercing
- Injection with a dye
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Question 30 of 73

30. Question
What is the correlation coefficient?
- A measure of how closely two sets of data are correlated
- A measure of how scattered two sets of data are correlated
- A measure of how likely two sets of data are to correlate
- A measure of how helpful a correlation is
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Question 31 of 73

31. Question
What is the standard deviation?
- A measure of spread around a mean
- A measure of variance around a mean
- A measure of correlation in a graph
- A measure of likelihood in a scenario
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Question 32 of 73

32. Question
What is a t-test used for?
- To compare two means
- To find the percentage certainty of an event occurring
- To find if a difference is significant
- To compare two data sets
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Question 33 of 73

33. Question
What does a low standard deviation indicate?
- Narrow range and closely grouped
- Large range and less well grouped
- Narrow range and less well grouped
- Large range and closely grouped
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Question 34 of 73

34. Question
What does a high standard deviation indicate?
- Large range and less well grouped
- Narrow range and closely grouped
- Large range and closely grouped
- Narrow range and less well grouped
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Question 35 of 73

35. Question
In the following equation, what does x̅ stand for? [Zoie – paste in the equation to the right]
- Mean
- Mode
- Number of items
- Degrees of freedom
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Question 36 of 73

36. Question
What is the standard deviation of the following data? Length of leaf (mm) – 83, 84, 88, 75, 97, 86, 92, 87, 65, 8
- 8.89
- -8.89
- 9.98
- -9.98
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Question 37 of 73

37. Question
What are the degrees of freedom?
- Number of values in a statistical calculation that are free to vary
- Number of steps in a statistical calculation that are free to vary
- Number of data sets in a statistical calculation that are free to vary
- Number of values in a calculation that are free to vary
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Question 38 of 73

38. Question
How do you find the degrees of freedom?
- Sample size minus number of data sets
- Number of data sets minus sample size
- Mean minus standard deviation
- Standard deviation plus number of data sets
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Question 39 of 73

39. Question
What significance level is used in biology?
- 0.98
- 0.05
- 0.95
- 0.01
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Question 40 of 73

40. Question
If the calculated value from a t-test is greater than the value at 5%, what is the difference in data sets considered as?
- Significant
- Minimal
- Realistic
- Insignificant
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Question 41 of 73

41. Question
If the calculated value from a t-test is less than the value at 5%, what is the difference in data sets considered as?
- Insignificant
- Significant
- Minimal
- Realistic
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Question 42 of 73

42. Question
If the difference between two data sets is significant, what do we do with the null hypothesis?
- Accept
- Reject
- Alter
- Reconsider
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Question 43 of 73

43. Question
If the difference between two data sets is insignificant, what do we do with the null hypothesis?
- Reject
- Accept
- Alter
- Reconsider
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Question 44 of 73

44. Question
What does the null hypothesis of a t-test state?
- There is no significant difference between the means of two sets of data
- There is a significant difference between the standard deviations of two sets of data
- There is no significant difference between the standard deviations of two sets of data
- There is a significant difference between the means of two sets of data
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Question 45 of 73

45. Question
Anything outside of the 95% distribution is considered what?
- An anomaly
- Wrong
- Insignificant
- Concerning
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Question 46 of 73

46. Question
How is the mean found?
- All values added together, divided by the number of values in the data set
- Most common number in a data set
- Middle number when lined up in order
- Largest number take away the smallest number
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Question 47 of 73

47. Question
Why would the mode be used instead of the mean as an average?
- It is unaffected by extreme values
- It’s easier to find
- There is always a modal number
- It takes all values into account
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Question 48 of 73

48. Question
What does a correlation coefficient of 1 indicate?
- Perfect correlation
- Weak negative correlation
- Strong negative correlation
- No correlation
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Question 49 of 73

49. Question
Which of the following is correct in a positively skewed distribution?
- Mean > Median > Mode
- Mean + Median + Mode
- Mean < Median < Mode
- Mean = Median = Mode
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Question 50 of 73

50. Question
The positive square root of the mean of the squares of deviations of value from their mean is:
- Standard deviation
- Variance
- Covariance
- Standard error
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Question 51 of 73

51. Question
Mean deviation,Variance and Standard deviation of the values 4,4,4,4,4,4 is ______
- 0
- 2
- 8
- 4
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Question 52 of 73

52. Question
Sample mean is an:
- Unbiased Statistic
- Biased Statistic
- Estimated Statistic
- updating Statistic
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Question 53 of 73

53. Question
Which of the following is not affected by extreme values:
- median
- mean
- mode
- both the median and mean
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Question 54 of 73

54. Question
The median divides the data into_____ equal parts:
- two
- one
- 4
- three
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Question 55 of 73

55. Question
If the arithmetic mean of 20 values is 10, then sum of these 20 values is:
- is 200
- is 20 + 10
- is 20
- is 10
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Question 56 of 73

56. Question
Which of the following is not based upon all the observations?
- mode
- Geomatric Mean
- Arithmetic mean
- Hormonic mean
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Question 57 of 73

57. Question
Ten families have an average of 2 boys. How many boys do they have together?
- 20
- 12
- 10
- 2
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Question 58 of 73

58. Question
The sum of squared deviation is minimum,when deviation are taken from
- Mean
- Mode
- Non of these
- Median
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Question 59 of 73

59. Question
If the arithmetic mean of the two numbers X1 and X2 is 5 if X1=3, then X2 is:
- 7
- 10
- 5
- 3
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Question 60 of 73

60. Question
Lowest value of Variance can be______?
- 0
- 1
- -1
- 3
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Question 61 of 73

61. Question
In symmetrical distribution Mean,Median and Mode are always:
- Equal
- Negative
- Positive
- Different
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Question 62 of 73

62. Question
The Mean deviation of the values, 18,12,15, is _____?
- 2
- 6
- zero
- three
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Question 63 of 73

63. Question
For negatively Skewed distribution Mean______Median______Mode.
- <
- >
- =
- None of these
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Question 64 of 73

64. Question
What is the absolute difference of mean and mode of 1,2,4,6,18,21,18 ?
- 8
- 10
- 14
- 20
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Question 65 of 73

65. Question
The Mode of 12,17,16,14,13,16,11 14 is______?
- 14 & 16
- 13
- 11
- 14
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Question 66 of 73

66. Question
If Y= -8X-5 and S.D of X=3 then standard deviation of Y______?
- 24
- 8
- 3
- None of these
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Question 67 of 73

67. Question
The Mean of the absolute deviations of observations from Mean,Median or Mode is known as
- Mean deviation
- Absolute deviation
- Quartile deviation
- Mean
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Question 68 of 73

68. Question
The sum of square of deviations of the observations from their Mean is______?
- Minimum
- Maximum
- zero
- None of these
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Question 69 of 73

69. Question
The number which occurs most frequently in a set of numbers is ______?
- Mode
- Median
- Mean
- None of these
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Question 70 of 73

70. Question
The median of 7,6,4,8,2,5,11 is______?
- 6
- 12
- 11
- 4
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Question 71 of 73

71. Question
The variance of 5 numbers is 10.If each number is divided by 2, then variance of new number is ______?
- 2.5
- 20
- 0
- 0.1
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Question 72 of 73

72. Question
Mean deviation is always:
- Less than Standard deviation
- More than Standard deviation
- Equal to Standard deviation
- Negative
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Question 73 of 73

73. Question
If the standard deviation of the values 2,4,6,8 is 2.33 then the standard deviation of the values 4,6,8,10 is _____?
- is 2.58
- is 4.66
- is 2.33
- 0
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