Insulin

Last updated: 28/04/2022

AQA A-Level Biology Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment Insulin

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Question 1 of 25

1. Question
The word “insulin” is derived from a Latin word “insula”, meaning…?
- Island
- Protected
- Projected
- High land
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Question 2 of 25

2. Question
Insulin synthesis is stimulated by glucose levels above…?
- 70 mg
- 50 mg
- 40 mg
- 30 mg
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Question 3 of 25

3. Question
Glucose is transported into the pancreatic β cells via…?
- GLUT 2
- GLUT 1
- GLUT 3
- GLUT 4
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Question 4 of 25

4. Question
Which of the following acts as a rate-limiting step that controls glucose-regulated insulin secretion?
- Glucokinase
- Pyruate
- Glucose-6 phosphate
- All of these
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Question 5 of 25

5. Question
Beta cell membrane depolarisation that stimulates insulin secretion by opening calcium channels is done by…?
- Inhibition of ATP-sensitive K+ channels
- Inhibition of ATP-sensitive Ca++ channels
- Stimulation of ATP-sensitive K+ channels
- Stimulation of ATP-sensitive Ca++ channels
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Question 6 of 25

6. Question
What proportion of insulin in the portal system is degraded by the liver?
- 0.5
- 0.75
- 0.1
- 0.25
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Question 7 of 25

7. Question
Which of the following glucose transporters is crucial for glucose uptake by skeletal muscle and fat?
- GLUT 4
- GLUT1
- GLUT 3
- GLUT 2
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Question 8 of 25

8. Question
“SRU” stands for…?
- Sulfonylurea receptor
- Sugar receptor
- Sucrose receptor
- Sulphur receptor
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Question 9 of 25

9. Question
A major proportion of postprandial glucose is utilised by…?
- Skeletal muscles
- Liver
- Brain
- Adipose tissues
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Question 10 of 25

10. Question
Other than insulin, β cells also secrete…?
- Amylin
- Amylase
- Ptyalin
- Lipase
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Question 11 of 25

11. Question
The precursors required for gluconeogenesis include…?
- All of these
- Lactate
- Pyruvate
- Acetyl CoA
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Question 12 of 25

12. Question
Which is TRUE about insulin?
- It is secreted by beta (β) cells in the pancreas
- It is secreted by alpha (α) cells in the pancreas
- It causes enzymes to convert glycogen and amino acids into glucose
- It causes an uptake of glucose into cells all over the body
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Question 13 of 25

13. Question
Insulin promotes glycogen synthesis by…?
- All of these
- Increasing activity of glucokinase
- Increasing activity of glycogen synthetase
- Increasing uptake of glucose into the cells
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Question 14 of 25

14. Question
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the regulation of blood glucose levels?
- The beta (β) cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans monitor blood glucose levels
- Abnormally low levels or concentrations of blood glucose is called hyperglycemia
- Abnormally high levels or concentrations of blood glucose is called hypoglycemia
- The hypothalamus monitors blood glucose levels
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Question 15 of 25

15. Question
Which is NOT a response to an abnormally high concentration of blood glucose (hyperglycemia)?
- Convulsions and coma
- The body becomes dehydrated and the circulatory system is deprived of fluid, resulting in blood pressure being unable to be maintained
- Blood volume increases, so water is excreted by the kidneys to maintain the correct concentration of blood
- Water is drawn from the cells and tissue fluid by osmosis back into the blood
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Question 16 of 25

16. Question
Insulin deficiency is associated with…?
- Increased ketogenesis
- Reduced lipolysis
- Reduced proteolysis
- Reduced gluconeogenesis
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Question 17 of 25

17. Question
GLUT is best described as a…?
- Transmembrane protein
- Nuclear protein
- Cytoplasmic protein
- Mitochondrial protein
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Question 18 of 25

18. Question
Which of the following GLUTs is an insulin-responsive glucose transporter?
- GLUT 4
- GLUT 1
- GLUT 3
- GLUT 2
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Question 19 of 25

19. Question
Which of the following GLUTs is a fructose transporter?
- GLUT 5
- GLUT 1
- GLUT 3
- GLUT 4
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Question 20 of 25

20. Question
Which of the following inhibits insulin release from the pancreas?
- Diazoxide
- Ethacrynic acid
- Furosemide
- Thiazide
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Question 21 of 25

21. Question
Insulin is synthesised as proinsulin. Within storage granules, a connecting peptide (C peptide) is removed by proteases to yield insulin. The C peptide is packaged and secreted along with insulin. Which of the following statements is true regarding C peptide?
- C-peptide is used to monitor beta-cell function in patients receiving exogenous insulin
- C-peptide is measured for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
- C-peptide facilitates the interaction of insulin with the insulin receptor
- All of these
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Question 22 of 25

22. Question
Insulin activates cells by binding to which receptor?
- Tyrosine kinase receptor
- Nuclear receptor
- None of these
- G protein receptor
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Question 23 of 25

23. Question
Which of the following factors decreases insulin secretion?
- Epinephrine
- Amino acids (Arginine, Lysine, Leucine)
- Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptides
- Fatty acids
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Question 24 of 25

24. Question
All of the following are involved in insulin signal transduction in skeletal muscles except…?
- IRS proteins
- Shc proteins
- PI-3-kinase
- PAX-3
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Question 25 of 25

25. Question
What happens in the liver when the bloodstream has lower than usual glucose levels?
- Glycogen is converted to glucose and released into the blood stream
- Glucose is converted to glycogen
- The liver keeps storing glycogen
- None of these
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