Glucagon

Last updated: 08/04/2022

AQA A-Level Biology Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment Glucagon

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Question 1 of 25

1. Question
Which of these is true about glucagon?
- it causes enzymes to convert glycogen and amino acids into glucose
- it causes an uptake of glucose into cells all over the body
- it is secreted by β cells in the pancreas
- all of these
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Question 2 of 25

2. Question
Glucagon regulates blood glucose by all of these, EXCEPT…?
- Increasing liver glycolysis
- Decreasing liver glycolysis
- Increasing liver gluconeogenesis
- Increasing liver glycogenesis
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Question 3 of 25

3. Question
Glucagon increases liver gluconeogenesis by which of the following mechanisms…
- All of the above
- It stimulates glucose-6-phosphatase, thereby, releasing glucose into the blood
- It enhances phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
- It inhibits phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2), thereby reducing fructose 2-6 bisphosphate
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Question 4 of 25

4. Question
Which of the following is not a metabolic effect of glucagon?
- Decreased ketogenesis as a result of decreasing availability of acetyl CoA
- Increased lipolysis as a result of the activation of hormone-sensitive lipase
- Increased ureagenesis
- Decreased lipogenesis as a result of inhibiting acetyl CoA carboxylase
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Question 5 of 25

5. Question
Which of the following is a potent inhibitor of glucagon?
- Hyperglycemia
- cGMP
- Hypoglycemia
- Arginine
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Question 6 of 25

6. Question
Glucagon is a peptide hormone. It is secreted by the alpha-cells of the pancreatic islets. The primary target for glucagon action is the liver, where its action is mediated by…?
- cAMP
- Nuclear receptors
- cGMP
- None of these
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Question 7 of 25

7. Question
Which of the following hormones do not increase protein synthesis (anabolic effect)?
- Glucagon
- Thyroid hormones
- Growth hormones
- Insulin
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Question 8 of 25

8. Question
Pancreatic islets consist of specialised cells that produce insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin. Which of the following cells produce glucagon?
- Alpha cells
- Beta cells
- Gamma cells
- Delta cells
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Question 9 of 25

9. Question
Glucagon increases the production of…?
- Urea
- Sodium
- Potassium
- Iron
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Question 10 of 25

10. Question
Which of the following cannot be a substrate for gluconeogenesis?
- Palmitic acid
- Aspartic acid
- Glutamic acid
- Galactose
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Question 11 of 25

11. Question
Glucagon is a polypeptide molecule consisting of…?
- 29 Amino acids
- 30 Amino acids
- 28 Amino acids
- 26 Amino acids
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Question 12 of 25

12. Question
Who coined the term glucagon in 1923 when they initially named the substance the glucose agonist?
- Kimball and Murlin
- Joseph Priestley
- Antoine Lavoisier and Jan Ingenhousz
- None of these
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Question 13 of 25

13. Question
Which of the following statements regarding glycogenolysis is not true?
- Glycogenolysis is the formation of carbohydrates from monosaccharides
- Glycogenolysis releases glucose into the blood
- Glycogenolysis helps correct hypoglycaemia
- Glycogenolysis is stimulated by glucagon
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Question 14 of 25

14. Question
Which of the following hormones is not important in calcium homeostasis?
- Glucagon
- Calcitonin
- Parathyroid hormone
- 1,25-dihydrocycholecalciferol
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Question 15 of 25

15. Question
Which of these is a hormone?
- Glucagon
- Glycogen
- Glycerol
- Glucose
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Question 16 of 25

16. Question
Which of these is the second messenger for glucagon?
- cAMP
- cGMP
- Nuclear receptors
- None of these
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Question 17 of 25

17. Question
Liver cells act as the _________ in response to glucagon
- Effectors
- Receptors
- Stimulus
- Sensor
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Question 18 of 25

18. Question
Muscle cells are not responsive to…?
- Glucagon
- Glycogen
- Glycerol
- Glucose
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Question 19 of 25

19. Question
In the second messenger model, glucagon binds to ________ in the cell surface membranes of liver cells
- Receptors
- Effectors
- Stimulators
- None of these
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Question 20 of 25

20. Question
In the second messenger model, active protein kinase A enzyme is activated by_________ enzymes by adding a phosphate group
- Phosphorylase kinase
- Adenylyl cyclase
- Protein kinase A
- None of these
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Question 21 of 25

21. Question
Glucagon and insulin are both involved in the_______ loop that controls blood glucose concentration
- Negative feedback
- Positive feedback
- Both positive and negative feedback
- None of these
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Question 22 of 25

22. Question
During the breakdown of glycogen to glucose, adrenaline cyclase converts ATP to ________
- cAMP
- cGMP
- ADP
- AMP
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Question 23 of 25

23. Question
The control of blood glucose concentration is a key part of…?
- Homeostasis
- Cell Signalling
- Coordination
- Excretion
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Question 24 of 25

24. Question
What is the point of a feedback loop?
- To make sure the conditions in the body remain stable
- To make sure the conditions in the body are always changing
- To provide the body with more food
- To provide the body with more energy
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Question 25 of 25

25. Question
The control of blood glucose concentration by glucagon can be used to demonstrate the principles of…?
- Cell signalling
- Homeostasis
- Coordination
- Excretion
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