Causes of Types I and II Diabetes

Last updated: 08/04/2022

AQA A-Level Biology Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment Causes of Types I and II Diabetes

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Question 1 of 25

1. Question
All of the following drugs can cause diabetes mellitus except…?
- Pyrantel pamoate
- Diazoxide
- Pentamidine
- Beta-adrenergic agonists
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Question 2 of 25

2. Question
Other causes of diabetes mellitus include…?
- All of these
- Nicotinic acid
- Thyroid hormone
- Hypothyroidism
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Question 3 of 25

3. Question
Individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are at increased risk of developing…?
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Pancreatitis
- Hypertension
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Question 4 of 25

4. Question
What percentage of beta cell mass is destroyed when type 1 diabetes mellitus occurs?
- 80
- 40
- 60
- 30
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Question 5 of 25

5. Question
Which type of diabetes mellitus results from autoimmune beta cell destruction?
- Type IA
- Type IB
- Type II
- Gestational diabetes
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Question 6 of 25

6. Question
In the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus, islets of Langerhans destruction is mediated by…?
- T lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
- Increased glucose production
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Question 7 of 25

7. Question
Type II diabetes mellitus is characterised by all except…?
- Anti-insulin receptor antibodies
- Insulin resistance
- Impaired insulin secretion
- None of the above
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Question 8 of 25

8. Question
In type II diabetes mellitus, which of the following is true?
- Insulin resistance precedes insulin secretory defects
- Insulin secretory defects precede insulin resistance
- Insulin resistance occur simultaneously with insulin secretory defects
- 10-30%
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Question 9 of 25

9. Question
Concordance of type II diabetes mellitus in identical twins is between…?
- 70-90%
- 50-70%
- 30-50%
- None of these
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Question 10 of 25

10. Question
Which is an acute complication of diabetes?
- Ketoacidosis
- Glaucoma
- Muscle pain
- Hypertension
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Question 11 of 25

11. Question
Which of the following drugs does not directly cause hypoglycemia?
- All of these
- Biguanides
- α glucosidase inhibitors
- Thiazolidinediones
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Question 12 of 25

12. Question
Which of the following drugs is used as monotherapy for type II diabetes mellitus?
- All of these
- Metformin
- Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
- Calcium channels blockers
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Question 13 of 25

13. Question
In type II diabetes mellitus, the preferred drug for blood pressure control is…?
- Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
- Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
- Beta blockers
- None of these
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Question 14 of 25

14. Question
What is the maximum grams of sugar per day an adult male with type 2 diabetes is advised to have?
- 36 grams
- 300 grams
- 165 grams
- 200 grams
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Question 15 of 25

15. Question
What type of diabetes requires insulin?
- Both type 1 and type 2
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus
- Neither of these
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Question 16 of 25

16. Question
Which of the following is not the criteria for the diagnosis of diabetes?
- 2-hour postprandial glucose >140 mg/dL
- Fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dL
- HbA1C > 6.5%
- None of these
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Question 17 of 25

17. Question
Which statement best describes the differences between the characteristics of type 1 and type 2 diabetes:
- autoimmune factors are involved in the pathogenesis of type I but not type II diabetes
- a person with type I diabetes can increase endogenous insulin production by taking oral hypoglycemic agents
- a person with type I diabetes rapidly develops chronic complications
- a person with type II diabetes usually requires lower doses of insulin than a person with type I diabetes because they have a milder form of diabetes
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Question 18 of 25

18. Question
According to trials on type 2 diabetes prevention, high-risk individuals can reduce their risk in developing type 2 diabetes by doing which of the following…?
- Losing 5-7% of body weight through a hypocaloric low fat diet and 30 minutes of daily activity
- Eating a very low carbohydrate diet
- Consuming a diet high in monosaturated fats
- Initiating metformin 850 mg BID and practicing daily vigorous exercise
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Question 19 of 25

19. Question
According to the recommendations for the nutritional management of patients with diabetes, the consumption of saturated fat should be…?
- <10% of total daily energy
- <12%
- <15%
- <16%
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Question 20 of 25

20. Question
Blood sugar is defined as ‘well-controlled’ when haemoglobin A1C levels are…?
- Below 7%
- Between 12%-15%
- Less than 180 mg/DL
- Between 90 and 130 mg/dL
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Question 21 of 25

21. Question
Which of the following measures does not help to prevent diabetes complications?
- Eliminating all carbohydrates from the diet
- Prompt detection of diabetic eye and kidney disease
- Controlling blood pressure and blood lipids
- Controlling blood glucose
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Question 22 of 25

22. Question
Which of the following regimens offers the best blood glucose control for people with type 1 diabetes?
- Three or four injections per day of different types of insulin
- A combination of oral anti-diabetic medications
- Once daily insulin injections
- A single anti-diabetes drug
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Question 23 of 25

23. Question
What are a few signs of hyperglycemia?
- fruit-smelling breath; blurred-vision
- paleness of hands and face
- nasty red rash on arms and legs
- all of these
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Question 24 of 25

24. Question
One way to try to manage your diabetes is to…?
- check your blood sugar levels frequently throughout the day
- eat only meat
- eat as many carbohydrates in your meals as possible
- none of these
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Question 25 of 25

25. Question
Which of these oral glucose-lowering agents are effective in type I diabetes mellitus?
- Alpha glucosidase inhibitors
- Thiazolidinediones
- Biguanides
- Sulfonylureas
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