Adrenaline

Last updated: 08/04/2022

AQA A-Level Biology Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment Adrenaline

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Question 1 of 25

1. Question
Which of the following hormones can affect blood glucose concentration?
- Adrenaline
- Calcitonin
- Aldosterone
- Cortisol
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Question 2 of 25

2. Question
The adrenaline hormone can increase _______
- Blood pressure
- Carbon dioxide uptake
- Arteriosclerosis
- Oxygen uptake
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Question 3 of 25

3. Question
Adrenaline and noradrenaline are hormones and act as ________
- Neurotransmitters
- Energy storing substances
- Food storage materials
- Energy producing agents
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Question 4 of 25

4. Question
Which of the following is known as the ‘fight or flight’ hormone?
- Adrenaline
- Thyroxin
- Oxytocin
- ADH
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Question 5 of 25

5. Question
The average life span of adrenaline is…?
- Between 1-3 minutes
- Between 10-15 minutes
- Between 7-10 minutes
- Between 8-12 minutes
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Question 6 of 25

6. Question
Adrenaline is also known as…?
- Epinephrine
- Vasopressin
- Pitocin
- The growth hormone
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Question 7 of 25

7. Question
If you are in a frightening situation, adrenaline will be secreted and cause your heart rate to increase. This can go on for several hours. If adrenaline has such a short life-span in the body, how can its effect continue for so long?
- The adrenal glands may continue to secrete adrenaline over a long period, for as long as the stimulus continues
- The adrenal cortex secreted corticosteroids for a long period of time
- Both adrenaline and noradrenaline are secreted in a stress situation
- All of these
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Question 8 of 25

8. Question
The medulla releases which of the two hormones when stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system?
- Noradrenaline, Adrenaline
- Adrenaline, Melancholic
- Epinephrine, Adrenalline
- Noradrenaline, Aldosterone
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Question 9 of 25

9. Question
Epinephrine will do all of the following EXCEPT…?
- Increase digestion
- Increase heart rate
- Decrease urination
- Increase breathing rate
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Question 10 of 25

10. Question
Adrenaline binds to _______ on the of liver cells:
- The membrane
- Hepatocytes
- Connective tissue
- Epithelial cells
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Question 11 of 25

11. Question
In the second messenger model cAMP binds with________ ?
- protein kinase A enzymes
- phosphorylase kinase enzymes
- glycogen phosphorylase enzymes
- adenylyl cyclase enzymes
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Question 12 of 25

12. Question
In the second messenger model, the effect of adrenaline is amplified so that each molecule can stimulate many molecules of_______ which in turn activate many enzyme molecules
- cAMP
- cGMP
- ATP
- ADP
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Question 13 of 25

13. Question
Adrenaline also stimulates the breakdown of ______ stores in muscle during exercise
- Glycogen
- Glucagon
- Glucose
- Glycerol
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Question 14 of 25

14. Question
Adrenaline fuses to receptor sites, which then activate the release of an enzyme known as…?
- adenylyl cyclase
- protein kinase A
- phosphorylase kinase
- glycogen phosphorylase
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Question 15 of 25

15. Question
Which is true about the nature of adrenaline? It is…?
- hydrophilic
- hydrophobic
- lipophilic
- lipophobic
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Question 16 of 25

16. Question
Conversion of glycogen into glucose is known as…?
- Glycogenolysis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Glycolysis
- Glycemic index
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Question 17 of 25

17. Question
What is the function of the adrenal gland?
- It makes adrenaline
- It uses information from the brain to "tell" other glands in the body what to do and produces many different important hormones
- It makes thyroid hormones, which control your metabolism
- It makes the hormone insulin that controls blood sugar levels and digestive enzymes
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Question 18 of 25

18. Question
What do second messengers do?
- relay a message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm
- dampen the message
- relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell
- transport a signal through the lipid bilayer
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Question 19 of 25

19. Question
Which of the following can activate a protein by transferring a phosphate group to it?
- protein kinase
- protein phosphatase
- G Protein
- cAMP
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Question 20 of 25

20. Question
When epinephrine binds to cardiac (heart) muscle cells, it speeds their contraction. When it binds to muscle cells of the small intestine, it inhibits their contraction. Which of the following best accounts for the fact that the same hormone can have different effects on muscle cells?
- The two types of muscle cells have different signal transduction pathways for epinephrine and thus have different cellular responses
- Cardiac muscle is stronger than intestinal muscle and thus has a stronger response to epinephrine
- Epinephrine circulates to the heart first and thus is in higher concentration around cardiac cells
- Cardiac cells have more receptors for epinephrine than intestinal cells do
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Question 21 of 25

21. Question
Cell signalling involves converting extracellular signals to specific responses inside the target cell. Which of the following best describes how a cell initially responds to a signal?
- The cell experiences a change in receptor conformation
- The cell experiences an influx of ions
- The cell experiences an increase in protein kinase activity
- The cell experiences G protein activation
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Question 22 of 25

22. Question
What is one effect epinephrine has on liver cells?
- breaks glycogen down to release glucose
- decreases blood glucose levels
- uptakes glucose to store as glycogen
- decreases blood vessel diameter
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Question 23 of 25

23. Question
A feedback loop best fits which characteristic of life?
- Homeostasis
- Cells
- Organisation
- Adaptation
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Question 24 of 25

24. Question
Which of the following is not a second messenger?
- G-protein
- Diacylglycerol
- cGMP
- cAMP
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Question 25 of 25

25. Question
Adrenaline and noradrenaline promote the release of glucose from liver glycogen and reinforce the effects of which system?
- Sympathetic system
- Parasympathetic system
- Peripheral nervous system
- Central nervous sytem
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