A LEVEL BIOLOGY VARIATION AND SELECTION

Last updated: 28/04/2022

AQA A-Level Biology Evolution may lead to speciation A LEVEL BIOLOGY VARIATION AND SELECTION

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Question 1 of 31

1. Question
Which type of speciation occurs when a population is divided without a physical barrier?
- sympatric
- allopatric
- geographical
- reproductive
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Question 2 of 31

2. Question
What is selection?
- a process that results in the best adapted individuals in a population surviving to breed and pass on their favourable alleles to the next generation
- a process that results in the strongest individuals in a population surviving to breed and pass on their favourable alleles to the next generation
- a process that results in the least adapted individuals in a population surviving to breed and pass on their favourable genes to the next generation
- a process that results in the best adapted individuals in a community surviving to breed and pass on their favourable alleles to the next generation
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Question 3 of 31

3. Question
What is stabilising selection?
- the selection in which individuals with characteristics towards the middle of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with alleles for a single extreme phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with alleles for extreme phenotypes at either end of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with any characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce
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Question 4 of 31

4. Question
What form of isolation is when populations are isolated by physical barriers?
- geographical
- mechanical
- ecological
- temporal
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Question 5 of 31

5. Question
What is directional selection?
- the selection in which individuals with alleles for a single extreme phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with characteristics towards the middle of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with alleles for extreme phenotypes at either end of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with any characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce
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Question 6 of 31

6. Question
What form of isolation is when populations inhabit different habitats within the same area and so rarely meet?
- ecological
- geographical
- mechanical
- temporal
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Question 7 of 31

7. Question
What is disruptive selection?
- the selection in which individuals with alleles for extreme phenotypes at either end of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with alleles for a single extreme phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with characteristics towards the middle of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce
- the selection in which individuals with any characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce
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Question 8 of 31

8. Question
What form of isolation is when the breeding seasons of populations do not coincide so they do not interbreed?
- temporal
- geographical
- ecological
- mechanical
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Question 9 of 31

9. Question
What is speciation?
- the development of a new species from an existing species
- the development of a new breed from an existing species
- the mutation of a species
- natural selection
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Question 10 of 31

10. Question
What form of isolation is when anatomical differences prevent mating occurring?
- mechanical
- geographical
- ecological
- temporal
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Question 11 of 31

11. Question
What is allopatric speciation?
- the type of speciation that occurs when a physical barrier divides a population
- the type of speciation that occurs when a population is divided without a physical barrier
- the type of speciation that occurs when a community is divided without a physical barrier
- the type of speciation that occurs when a physical barrier divides a community
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Question 12 of 31

12. Question
Which of these are examples of variation caused by polygenes and the environment?
- height and weight
- blood group and height
- blood group and weight
- height, weight and blood group
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Question 13 of 31

13. Question
What is sympatric speciation?
- the type of speciation that occurs when a population is divided without a physical barrier
- the type of speciation that occurs when a physical barrier divides a population
- the type of speciation that occurs when a physical barrier divides a community
- the type of speciation that occurs when a community is divided without a physical barrier
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Question 14 of 31

14. Question
Which statements refer to genetic variation?
- it is usually controlled by a single gene
- an example is tail length in rats
- it can be represented as a line graph
- a mean can be calculated
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Question 15 of 31

15. Question
Which of these could cause allopatric speciation?
- all of these
- oceans and rivers
- mountains and deserts
- none of these
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Question 16 of 31

16. Question
Which statements refer to environmental variation?
- it can be represented as a line graph
- it can be represented as a bar chart
- it is usually controlled by a single gene
- an example is eye colour
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Question 17 of 31

17. Question
Which of these could cause sympatric speciation?
- changes to courtship rituals
- all of these
- oceans and rivers
- none of these
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Question 18 of 31

18. Question
What term describes the differences between individuals?
- variation
- phenotype
- genotype
- mutation
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Question 19 of 31

19. Question
Which of these causes genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?
- all of these
- mutations
- meiosis
- random fertilisation
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Question 20 of 31

20. Question
What is variation caused by?
- genes and environment
- genes
- environment
- mutation
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Question 21 of 31

21. Question
What term describes the alleles of all the individuals in a population at a given time?
- gene pool
- genetic drift
- allelic frequency
- genetic variation
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Question 22 of 31

22. Question
Which term describes the selection in which individuals with characteristics towards the middle of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce?
- stabilising
- directional
- natural
- disruptive
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Question 23 of 31

23. Question
Which term describes the selection in which individuals with alleles for a single extreme phenotype are more likely to survive and reproduce?
- directional
- stabilising
- natural
- disruptive
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Question 24 of 31

24. Question
What term describes the number of times an allele occurs within the gene pool?
- allelic frequency
- allelic percentage
- genetic variation
- genetic drift
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Question 25 of 31

25. Question
Which term describes the selection in which individuals with alleles for extreme phenotypes at either end of the range are more likely to survive and reproduce?
- disruptive
- directional
- stabilising
- natural
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Question 26 of 31

26. Question
Which of these causes genetic variation in asexually reproducing organisms?
- mutations
- all of these
- meiosis
- random fertilisation
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Question 27 of 31

27. Question
Which term describes the development of a new species from an existing species?
- speciation
- evolution
- natural selection
- extinction
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Question 28 of 31

28. Question
What is selection pressure?
- the environmental force altering the frequency of alleles in a population
- the environmental force altering the frequency of alleles in an organism
- the environmental force altering the frequency of genes in an organism
- the environmental force altering the frequency of genes in a population
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Question 29 of 31

29. Question
Which type of speciation occurs when a physical barrier divides a population?
- allopatric
- geographical
- sympatric
- reproductive
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Question 30 of 31

30. Question
Which of these causes selection pressure?
- predation, disease and competition
- predation, disease and mutation
- predation, disease, competition and mutation
- competition and predation
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Question 31 of 31

31. Question
What is the definition of a gene pool?
- the alleles of all the individuals in a population at a given time
- the genes of all the individuals in a population at a given time
- the genes of all the individuals in a species
- the alleles of all the individuals in a species
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